Date of Award

5-3-2023

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Criminal Justice

First Advisor

Tusty ten Bensel

Abstract

Rejection is a widespread and problematic issue that impacts transgender and gender non-conforming individuals throughout their lives. Transgender people are likely to experience gender-based rejection from their families, at school during their youth, from employers and co-workers, and religious organizations. Past research has shown that rejection from certain people and organizations can influence outcomes such as homelessness, sex work engagement, and issues with psychological distress. For instance, familial rejection has been shown to be a consistent factor associated with homelessness and mental health issues among gender minorities. However, there is limited knowledge on how school, workplace, and religious rejection can influence outcomes of homelessness and sex work engagement, as well as mental health concerns among transgender people due to limited data that is available to researchers. This study used data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey to examine the influence of familial, school, workplace, and religious rejection on outcomes associated with homelessness, sex work engagement, and psychological distress. The results of this dissertation showed that outcomes of homelessness, sex work engagement, and psychological distress were associated with rejection from all four groups. Based on the results, the implication of this study is discussed, as well as future research needed in this area of research.

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